Pulse and pulse reverse plating—Conceptual, advantages and applications

Pulse Reverse Electrodeposition of Spherical Ni-MWCNT Composite Skein

Watt’s bath and pulse reverse (PR) electrodeposition is used to produce spherical nickelmultiwall carbon nanotubes (Ni-MWCNT) of 2.00, 0.93, 1.63 and 6.71 μm diameter and a variety ofsize distributions. For 60 cycles, an absolute electrodeposition current of 18 A/dm2 is applied atcurrent ratios of ii = idissolution/ideposition = 0, 0.077, 0.200 and 0.368. A simple exponential equation isfitted ...

Filling through Holes and Blind Micro Vias with Copper Using Reverse Pulse Plating and Insoluble Anodes

This paper presents systematic investigations on complete through hole filling for cores using a Cu electroplating process as an alternative to the common paste plugging process [1]. This technology is targeting at both HDI production and also at the packaging level [2]. This electro plating process consists of two steps, a first process to merge both centers of the through hole walls (X-platin...

Pulse reverse plating for uniform nickel height in zone plates

Nickel soft x-ray zone plates are fabricated by through-mask electroplating. The authors report on how a uniform nickel thickness can be obtained over the entire zone plate using pulse and pulse reverse plating. If the plating is carried out at a constant current the nickel thickness has been observed to decrease with radius. This results in lower outer zones and reduced diffraction efficiency ...

Pulse Reversal PermAlloy Plating Process for MEMS Applications

A Modified Phase-Shifted Pulse Width Modulation to Extend Linear Operation of Hybrid Modular Multi-level Converter

Recently, hybrid modular multi-level converters, which are configured as full and half bridge sub-modules, are developed and utilized in the wide area of applications. Compared to its non-hybrid counterpart, these converters have several advantages such as the ability to nullify the DC side fault current and controlling AC side reactive power during the faults. This paper proposes a modified ph...